Table 5 Training time comparison between the investigated SAFs LSTM-based channel equalizers
From: Modified state activation functions of deep learning-based SC-FDMA channel equalization system
AF | LSTM-based CE-SD Adam | LSTM-based CE-SD RMSProp | LSTM-based CE-SD SGdm | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross entropy (M:S) | Sum squared errors (M:S) | Cross entropy (M:S) | Sum squared errors (M:S) | Cross entropy (M:S) | Sum squared errors (M:S) | |
Tanh | 37:46 | 35:55 | 22:19 | 20:13 | 21:18 | 20:21 |
Cloglogm | 56:39 | 44:20 | 26:28 | 19:49 | 30:41 | 19:39 |
Elliott | 52:22 | 45:18 | 17:21 | 19:40 | 26:30 | 19:57 |
Modified Elliott | 54:16 | 47:22 | 26:05 | 20:10 | 25:41 | 20:45 |
Gaussian | 57:51 | 45:33 | 35:41 | 24:24 | 25:33 | 26:15 |
Bitanh1 | 54:18 | 48:52 | 25:42 | 24:39 | 24:54 | 24:42 |
Bitanh2 | 53:02 | 53:31 | 21:57 | 26:06 | 21:27 | 28:42 |
Rootsig | 47:41 | 47:54 | 22:11 | 17:34 | 20:46 | 23:11 |
Softsign | 48:19 | 49:20 | 24:40 | 18:53 | 25:28 | 20:15 |
Wave | 48:06 | 46:31 | 25:19 | 23:38 | 24:29 | 20:52 |
Aranda | 61:36 | 59:54 | 32:36 | 32:01 | 34:17 | 32:22 |
GELU | 48:44 | : | 21:15 | : | 20:50 | : |