Indoor localization based on cellular telephony RSSI fingerprints containing very large numbers of carriers

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

Table 1 Percentage of correctly classified test set examples (home set)

Classifier	Current Top 7	N Strongest	All N_max(= 488) carriers
Linear SVM
One-vs-one
w/PCA	57.4 (PC = 8)	96.7 (N = 360, PC = 8)	96.7 (PC = 8)
w/o PCA	68.9	95.1 (N = 210)	96.7
One-vs-all
w/PCA	62.3 (PC = 8)	85.2 (N = 420, PC = 4)	85.2 (PC = 4)
w/o PCA	60.6	98.4 (N = 340)	95.1
Gaussian SVM
One-vs-one	*	*	*
One-vs-all
w/PCA	65.6 (PC = 8)	88.5 (N = 420, PC = 4)	88.5 (PC = 4)
w/o PCA	68.8	98.4 (N = 140)	**
K- NN	54.1 (K = 7)	95.1 (N = 240, K = 10)	91.8 (K = 12)

N is the number of carriers used in N Strongest. The optimal number of principal components PC, and optimal K of the K- NN classifier, are given in parentheses.
*It was unnecessary to apply the Gaussian SVM to the one-vs-one case because the training sets were always found to be linearly separable using Ho-Kashyap.
**It is not meaningful to apply the Gaussian SVM to the All N_max Carriers fingerprint, due to Cover's theorem (see text).